Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening, neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms include high fever, sweating, unstable blood pressure, stupor, muscular rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction. In most cases, the disorder develops within the first two weeks of treatment with the drug. However, the disorder may develop any time during the therapy period. The syndrome can also occur in people who abruptly discontinue anti-Parkinsonism drugs known as dopaminergics.

Treatment

Generally, intensive care is needed. The neuroleptic or antipsychotic drug is discontinued, and the fever is treated aggressively. A muscle relaxant may be prescribed. Dopamine agonists have been reported to be useful.

Expected Outcome

Early identification of and treatment for individuals with neuroleptic malignant syndrome improves outcome. If clinically indicated, a low potency neuroleptic can be reintroduced very slowly when the individual recovers, although there is a risk that the syndrome might recur. Another alternative is to substitute another class of drugs for the neuroleptic.

Risk factors

Anesthesia may be a risk to individuals who have experienced neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Research

The National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (NINDS) supports research on neurological disorders such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Much of this research focuses on finding ways to prevent and treat the disorder.

Clinical Trials

Select this link to view a list of studies currently seeking patients.